Rev. Master Li Xuanzong
(Vincenzo di Ieso)
General
Prefect - Taoist Church of Italy
www.daoitaly.org
- chiesa.taoista@gmail.com
Taoism and
the Digital World
Aula Magna
of the Giustino Fortunato University
Viale Delcogliano 12 - Benevento
Tuesday, October 14, 2025
Good
morning, health and serenity to all.
I thank the
Rector of the Giustino Fortunato University, Professor Giuseppe Acocella, and
Professor Paolo Palumbo for the invitation to offer my modest contribution on a
sensitive yet unavoidable topic in our times.
My
presentation will focus on four points:
1. The
digital world is a great opportunity, but it tends to exploit those who use it.
2. It is
risky to place it before the natural integrity of the human person.
3. A
digital religiosity is inevitable, but it must be placed under the umbrella of
lived spiritual meta-values.
4. The
great challenge, for us religious people, of "lived testimony" in the
field.
Introduction
Let's start
with some objective considerations so that meanings and signifiers can coincide
and avoid misunderstandings.
Science is
based on data. Religion is based on values of consciousness.
Science
seeks what is useful for humanity. Religion seeks what is good for humanity.
Unfortunately,
the useful and the good do not always coincide.
Today we
are here to offer our humble contribution to two universes that can never merge
but must necessarily walk together.
I, like all
of you, use my cell phone and my computer. As a Church, we use social media to
inform our faithful, text messaging for alerts, and our website to publish
articles and activity calendars.
So the
Taoist religion is not opposed to digital evolution, but we use it with
discernment
because we
are convinced that digital evolution is a double-edged sword, since it can
exploit those who use it if the proper distance between object and subject is
not maintained, or worse, when the object itself becomes indispensable to the
determination of the Self.
Just to
enculturate the Taoist position, you should know that our epistemology is based
on duality. This duality is determined by two polarizations that we call Yin
and Yang.
In fact, we
cannot know except through bipolar contrast or through figure-ground.
So
everything is relative to something. Everything depends on something else.
Furthermore, for us Human Beings,
everything
depends on our perception of facts, things, and events.
I mean: we
cannot make an absolute moral judgment on the digital world.
As such, it
is neutral.
Instead, we
can and must make one based on its use and, consequently, on its effects, on
the modifications
it creates
to the natural order, to the identity, and even to the personality of those who
use it.
As well as
on the direction of social choices of which it is dramatically capable.
For all of
this, we should always verify the impact it has on our lives.
There must
be a positive benefit for humanity and not just for the financial holding
companies that, as you know, are behind all the technologies we have.
And then,
most important of all: Responsibility.
A machine,
an automation, an AI—what responsibility does it have?
Legal
responsibility is a consequence of its very existence, but is there a moral
one?
And if so,
what value do we derive it from?
Responsibility
derives from moral conscience.
Something I
don't believe any machine will ever possess.
1 -
Opportunities
However,
the opportunities that the digital world offers to religions are truly
countless and undeniable. I'll cite just one personal example. When I arrived
in China, 35 years ago, the internet didn't exist, nor did cell phones. At
most, we used fax machines. For me, being able to consult a sacred text was a
real feat, with infinite difficulties. Today, however, I find them online.
This is a
good thing. It's a good thing because it's useful. It's useful because it
broadens my cultural possibilities and allows me to improve and grow both as a
clergyman and as a man.
2 - Risks
Now,
according to that principle of duality I mentioned earlier, not everything is
beautiful and good.
In every
activity there are risks.
The media
are a wonderful and useful tool as long as they don't put themselves before the
human person,
or worse,
they even distort their nature.
Furthermore,
it's clear that the media are an expression of a "culture."
Indeed,
they are becoming the determinant of that culture.
A
post-humanist culture, however, dominated by scientism and science elevated to
a religion.
Recent
pandemic events demonstrate this.
From this
perspective, if culture is the mother of civilization, then the human person,
as we know it,
is destined
to disappear. I am referring, for example, to transhumanism or the artificial
creation of human embryos, without using eggs and sperm, as has already been
done in various research laboratories, although they are then killed at two
weeks of age.[1]
This news
terrified me because of all the obvious legal and theological implications it
unleashes.
The result
is that today we are afflicted (infected) by digital addiction. An addiction
disguised as freedom. The danger of this false freedom, following the scientism
and scientific trend, is that:
1. It
creates the illusion of being able to reduce the unknowable to the known, in
the case of religions,
2. Everyone
can do everything;
3. Is it
possible to apply reductionism and mechanism to human beings?
If, for
example, everything were reduced to neural connections and biological
processes, the human person—us—would lose its absolute value of untouchability.
It would be
reduced to a "thing," and, ethically, it would be correct to buy it,
sell it, or throw it away.
Just as,
from a religious perspective, the great risk—indeed, it's already a pandemic—is
that if everything can be done by anyone, even the sacred can be managed by
anyone. So we are faced, not with the loss, but certainly with a crisis of the
traditional Sense of the Sacred.
For secular
and secularist thought, this might be a victory, but for the 84% of the world's
population, who claim to be "believers," it would be a tragedy.[2]
If this is
what we want to envision, then I believe that religions must unite and
cooperate to protect the one, central, shared reason for their existence: the
human person in its natural dimension.
3 - The
Challenges
Looking to
the future, I believe we will increasingly have a Digital Religiosity.
Religious
practice will be increasingly supported but also defined by digital technology.
The first
impact of the digital dimension on religious communities is the modification of
relational modalities. Listening, welcoming, and presence are being replaced by
information and one-way communication. I don't believe AI can truly engage in
dialogue.
Furthermore,
if until now religions have contributed to the definition of humanity in
relation to the Creator, to creation, from which emerged the values, norms, and
dogmas that governed society, this has now become almost impossible.
In fact,
the "metaverse," which has nothing to do with Aristotle's metaphysics
but with interactive virtual worlds, is replacing, and will increasingly do so,
parish and even monastic communities. Virtual religious communities are being
created all over the world.
No one can
say how they will evolve! More faith and less belonging? Or the opposite?
What I know
is that without direct, interpersonal contact, that experiential, word-of-mouth
communication will be lost. It's typical of the initiatory path, but I dare say
it's also true of every religion with at least a thousand years of history.
The Taoist
Church of Italy, precisely to avoid metaverses, does not offer online training
or catechesis,
and all
those who follow our tradition physically go to the temple.
This is
true for those who live far from the church, which is limited to a few meetings
a year. However, in your opinion, is it better to enjoy a sunset by the sea,
even if you can't go there every day, or a wonderful, perfect one, with a 3D
viewer that you can turn on and off whenever you want?
The great
challenge facing traditional religions is to try to regulate the digital world
with ethics, not with anthropological or social values—which, as you know very
well, rise and fall with society—but with spiritual meta-values. The only truly
universal and eternal ones.
Furthermore,
I repeat, progress is a good thing, but it can also be a bad thing.
In the name
of progress, as history bears witness, entire civilizations have been
sacrificed.
I mean that
progress, be it scientific, social, or digital, should not be pursued at all
costs, just because "it can be done."
Returning
to the topic, we all know Voltaire's quote: "If God did not exist, we
would have to invent him." I fully agree: without the meta-value
"God," society can be dominated only by human impulses.
Can we find
God in cyberspace? Absolutely not!
This is not
about religious belief but about religious experience.
Let's not
forget: religion is not just a "belief" but an experience with the
transcendent.
And this
experience can only occur in the heart of every believer physically seated or
kneeling before an altar. Certainly not in front of a monitor.
Conclusion
Today, with
the dominance of virtualization, we live in a culture of the provisional,
which, especially among young people, generates a distrust of religions and
pushes them toward relativism, syncretism,
the pursuit
of appearances, and the power of illusion.
We
religious people must be aware of this and provide appropriate responses.
The best of
which is "lived testimony."
A computer
can never love or have compassion.
I believe
that the use of technology is inevitable and must be used. On the other hand,
it is an excellent tool for cultural and even pastoral purposes, as long as we
maintain, with a critical eye, the right distance to avoid virtual
identifications.
From a
Taoist perspective, it must be balanced by our religious beliefs, founded on
the Scriptures, Tradition, and Teachings.
If God is
my meta-value, then He must be at the "center" of me.
Even while
using a digital device.
One last
thought to conclude the picture.
The digital
dimension is centrifugal.
It has no
center, no boundaries. It has no limitations. Everything can be the opposite of
everything.
The
religious dimension, on the other hand, is centripetal.
It has a
single center, with precise boundaries and an unmistakable identity.
In short,
as religious people, we live in a conflictual situation from which we can only
emerge by balancing the Useful with the Good!
In short,
technological and digital innovations are good, but if we cancel and destroy
the natural world, placing it behind the virtual world, there will be no one
after us who can repair it.
No one!
Finally,
allow me a strictly religious reflection.
Let's put
aside theological reasons, which everyone has their own, but the
anthropological reason for the existence of religions is one: to preserve,
protect, and care for the human person and creation.
This
rationale has been entrusted to us. We have a mandate that cannot be
substituted or delegated to a digital entity.
From a
religious perspective, this should obviously be the filter through which all
possible discussions about the digital world must pass.
To conclude
my analysis, I quote a passage from our Scriptures which says:
"When
the work is finished, the saint withdraws."[3]
I believe
that if we want the Good,
when the
Use is finished,
the device
must be
turned off!
[1] “Developmental biologists
have successfully assembled synthetic embryos in vitro using human stem cells
without using eggs or sperm.” From:
https://www.quotidianosanita.it/scienza-e-farmaci/articolo.php?articolo_id=116683
[2] According to estimates by the
Pew Research Center, a U.S.-based research center that maps global beliefs, 84%
of the world's population identifies with a religious group.
[3] Daode Jing, the Canon of the
Tao and its Charisma, chap. 9: 功遂身退 gong sui shen tui.